英语语法总结

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简单句

陈述句

主 + 谓: I run

主 + 谓 + 宾（动作的接收者）： I love you

主 + 系 + 表：I am Iron Man

系动词：be
感官动词：感觉，看听闻
系动词后面的就是表语

主 + 谓 + 双宾（直接宾语间接宾语）：I give you money

谓语后面的都可以作为动作的对象

主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补：They ordered hamburger their lunch

疑问句

一般疑问句

陈述句变一般疑问句：

提前系动词

主+ 系 + 表 → 系 + 主 + 表

You are an idiot → Are you a idiot?

提前助动词

do , have , shall

主 + 谓 + 宾 → 助动词 + 主 + 动词原形 + 其他

You (have) got light bulbs → Have you got light builbs?

提前情态动词

can may will

主 + 情态动词 + 动词原型 + 其他 → 情态动词 + 主 + 动词原型 + 其他

You can play football → Can you play football?

特殊疑问句

Whose

Whom

What

When

Where

How much/many

Which

选择疑问句

不适用yes no回答

选择疑问句使用or连接

Do you like play football or basketball → I like to play football

反义疑问句

前肯后否，前否后肯

He is your teacher, isn’t he?

He isn’t your theacher, is he?

祈使句反义疑问句：

let’s … shall we

let us … will you

must的反义疑问句

表必须：mustn’t needn’t

表推测：用后面的动词的否定形式

感叹句的反义疑问句

否定词的反义疑问句

hardly

nerver

seldom

little

nowhere

nothing

复合句的反义疑问句

宾语从句的反义疑问句

I don’t imagine he has got it, has he?

感叹句

What + a,an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语

What a beautiful photo he is!

What + 形容词 + 不可数名词/名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语

What cleanly water it is!

how + 形容词/副词 + 主语+ 谓语

How careful he is!

How + 形容词 + a,an + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语

How cute a dog it is！

语气词+ 感叹号

祈使句

命令，警告祈使句

Get out! Be quiet

请求和祝愿

Have a good day!

数词

基数词

冠词

定冠词

表示这个 the，表示某个名词，后面跟单数/复数名词，不可数名词

表示上文提到的人和物：This car is popular, but the car isn’t cheap.

不定冠词

泛指人或者物，表示一个，后面加单数可数名词，辅音前面加a，元音后面加an

表示对唯一事物具体情况说明

Their dream is to go on a world tour.

零冠词

有情况下不需要加任何冠词

很广泛的概念

Sichun dishes are spicy

💡

冠词不能和代词连用： This (the) car is popular 对(错)了

名词

专有名词

可以特指的某些事物，可以转换为普通名词

可数/不可数名词

具体/抽象名词

具体名词：man

抽象名词：knowledge

名词的单复数变化

名词所有格

加 ‘s 表示 xxx的

Beijing’s policy 背景的政策

The airport’s service 机场的服务

of所有格

修饰前面的名词

The content of the book = The book’s content

‘s + of双重所有格

of + 名词’s 所有格

of + 名词性物主代词

主谓一致

I am …

They are …

国家，机构，书名专有名词的复数看作整体，谓语用单数：The United States is/was …

many a… / more than one + 名词做主语，谓语用单数：Many a man is smoking / more than one man is …

each , one , no one ,some+body 做主语或者限定词，谓语用复数：Each student is…

one of + 复数名词： one of the students … is..

有集体的概念： The family is … / The family goes to … 好多人去看电影…

a number of + 可数名词复数，表示许多，谓语用复数。

the number of + 可数名词复数，表示数量上是多少，谓语用单数。

and / both and： are

a / an ：is ; one / two： are

plenty of , some of ： are/ were

few, many：are

就近原则：is one conputer， are two computers

就远原则：Peter, ………… , is friendly.

代词

人称代词

主格：在句子里做主语或者表语

They are students.

宾格：做及物动词或者借此之后的宾语

I tell her my name.

it的用法

物主代词

形容词性物主代词，作名词的修饰（的），后面加名词

有：my , your ,our , his, her, its, their

She is my aunt.

They are their cars.

名词性物主代词，相当于名词，表示事物又标明所属

有： mine，yours , his , ours

You’re not mine.

双重所有格，of + 名词物主代词

He is a friend of mine.

反身代词

表示 … 自己，做宾语，表示一个动作反馈到自己的身上

You might burn yourself.

做同位语，表示强调

The book itself is interesting.

疑问代词

what ，who …

不定代词

相互代词

表示相互关系

each other, one another

You can test each other.

关系代词

用来引导定语从句的代词，充当定语从句成分

Who指人，宾语从句做主语

Whom指人，宾语从句做宾语

Which指物，宾语从句做主语或者宾语

that 人，相当于 who whom

that 人，相当于which

连接代词

what whom

介词

常见介词

形容词

按照使用顺序使用

This is a beautiful small wooden table

一个 漂亮的 小的 木制的

副词

动词

动词时态

一般现在时

主语的第三人称单数形式：

人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如：

单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。

单数可数名词或"this/that/the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。

不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。

不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。

当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。

动词的对应第三人称单数的变化规律：

情况	方法	示例
一般情况	+s	let-lets;get-gets
以s、x、ch、sh和o结尾	+es	pass-passes;fix-fixes;watch-watches;teach-teacheswash-washes;go-goes;do-does
以辅音字母+y结尾	变y为i +es	study-studies
以元音字母+y结尾	直接+s	play-plays
特殊情况	不规则	have-hasbe-is

一般现在时例句：

一般情况下谓语动词用原型：

I usually go to school at 7am.

We go to school by car.

They get up very early every morning

My teachers always praise me.

否定句：I don’t think so.

疑问句：Do you like this?

如果主语是第三人称单数，则谓语动词需要变化：

She usually goes to school by bike.

it looks very mysteries.

The cat drinks milk.

someone looks angry with me.

否定句：They doesn’t agree with me.

疑问句：Does it good?

现在进行时

动词现在分词的变化规律：

情况	变化	原形—-ing形式
一般动词	加+ing	wash——washingread——reading
以不发音字母e结尾的动词	去掉e，再加+ing	make——makingwrite——writinguse——using
以重读闭音节结尾的动词且末尾只有一个辅音字母	双写最后的辅音字母，再加+ing	run——runningswim——swimmingput——putting
以ie结尾的动词	改ie为y，再加+ing	lie——lyingdie——dyingtie——tying
以c结尾的动词	变c为ck，再加+ing	picnic→picnickingtraffic→trafficking （例外：arc作弧形运动，arcing）
以l结尾的动词	如果动词原形以非重读音节结尾，则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。其中不双写的是美式拼写。	travel→travelling/traveling(U.S.)
部分以-p结尾的动词同样遵循第6条，这类词多由“前缀+名词”构成。	如果动词原形以非重读音节结尾，则末尾的字母p双写与不双写均可。其中不双写的是美式拼写。	worship→worshipping/worshiping(U.S.)handicap→handicapping/handicaping(U.S.)

现在进行时例句：

句中出现now ，this week, at the moment 等表示时间状语的词时，用现在进行时：

I am playing football now.

We are going to school now. And my parents are watching TV at home.

They're having a test this week.

否定句：We aren’t preparing for this test.

一般疑问句：Are you leaving already?

特殊疑问句：What are you doing?

出现look， listen等暗示词用现在进行时：

look! Your mother is coming.

一般将来时

一般将来时例句：

He will buy a car.

They will run around the gym.

The couple will marry at the next month.

否定句：You will not win the game.

一般疑问句：Will you be in our next meeting?

特殊疑问句：When will you arrive?

将来进行时

将来进行时例句：

She will be working on this experiment until tomorrow.

I will be training for my final exam.

When he comes to my house tomorrow， I will be writing the report.

否定句：We won’t be sleeping in few seconds.

一般疑问句：Will they be coming this way? no they won’t.

特殊疑问句：What time will she be arriving? How long will you be staying here?

将来完成进行时

这个比赛将在8月暂停，到那时，他已经开始了三个月.比赛在八月份暂停。

将来完成进行时例句：

By the sun raise, I will have been sleeping for 9 hours.

否定句：In this winter, it won’t have been snowing.

将来完成时

动词的过去分词:

情况	方法	示例
一般情况	+ed	work—— workedlook——looked
以不发音e结尾	+d	live ——livedhope——hoped
以辅音字母+y结尾	变y为i+ed	study—— studiedcarry——carried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母	双写最后的辅音字母+ed	stop—— stoppedplan——planned
以ic结尾的动词	变ic为ick+ed	picnic——picnickedtraffic——trafficked
特殊情况	不规则	are---wereis/am---wasdo---did

go - went，make - made， get - got ，buy - bought ，come - came ，fly-flew ，is/am-was， are-were ，see-saw ，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught, think-thought, are-were, say-said,sit-sat.

将来完成时例句：

In the end of this year, we will have staryed here for 20 years.

You will have heard of this, I guess.

一般过去时

一般过去时例句：

be动词：I was late yesterday. / I was on the Internet when you called me. / Peter is out , but he was here a few minutes age.

I went to school by bike last morning.

He could pack his thing himself.

否定句：Hello sam, I didn’i know you were here.

一般疑问句：Could he pack his thing himself?

特殊疑问句：When could he pack his thing himself?

现在完成时

现在完成时例句：

I have been a doctor for 10 years.

This is the first time that I've heard him sing

特殊疑问句：Who hasn’t shut up his mouth.

过去完成时

过去完成时例句：

I had finished my homework last night.

The bus had left by the end of I got there.

简单句

陈述句

疑问句